수동태의 기본 공식: be동사 + 과거분사(p.p.) 능동태 → 수동태 변환: • Tom wrote the letter. → The letter was written by Tom. • 능동태의 목적어(the letter)가 수동태의 주어로! 시제별 수동태: • 현재: is/am/are + p.p. — The room is cleaned every day. • 과거: was/were + p.p. — The book was written in 1995. • 미래: will be + p.p. — The park will be opened next month. • 현재진행: is/am/are being + p.p. — The bridge is being constructed. • 현재완료: has/have been + p.p. — The evidence has been examined. ⚠️ 불규칙 동사의 과거분사 주의! • write → wrote(과거) → written(p.p.) • 'was wrote' (✗) → 'was written' (✓) • break → broke → broken / steal → stole → stolen 주어-동사 수일치: 수동태에서도 주어의 수에 맞춰 be동사를 선택해야 합니다. • The file was found. (단수) / The files were found. (복수) • Several errors was discovered. (✗) → were discovered. (✓)